This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of Retrak and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Uganda has an estimated 2.5 million orphans, one of the highest numbers in the world, and 25 percent of all households look after at least one child orphaned by either HIV/AIDS or war. Underlying causes of children’s problems in Uganda include armed conflicts, diseases (HIV/AIDS), lack of education, inadequate services and entrenched poverty.