Urbanization has emerged as a key policy and governance challenge in India in recent years. Cities and towns contribute to more than 60 percent of GDP. While urbanization can be an engine of economic development and inclusion, unless managed properly, it can create serious socio-economic consequences which would potentially negate the benefits of urbanization. With the rapid growth of urban population, expected to occur due to the underlying structural transformation of the Indian economy, and as India moves to double-digit growth, the backlog, current and future needs of urbanization need to be addressed comprehensively. There is an urgent need to address the lack of consistent and coherent urban development policy, faulty and improper urban planning, coupled with poor implementation and regulation overload in India’s cities.